To be Done only in Python

A global consulting firm needs a transaction authorization system where multiple functions share access to common approval data and transaction records. The system must maintain persistent state across hundreds of operations while keeping data encapsulated and protected from external access.

Implement a create_authorization_system function that returns a collection of nested functions (closures) sharing access to the same enclosing scope. These functions will handle approver registration, transaction creation, approval/rejection workflows with authority validation, status tracking, and pending transaction queries.